التصنيف: الصف العاشر

The bicycle, bike, or cycle is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. Invented in Europe in the 19th century, the bicycle has become the world’s most popular vehicle with about 1.4 billion in use.
In addition to transport, bicycles also provide a popular form of recreation, and have been adapted for use in many other fields of human activity, including children’s toys, adult fitness, military and police applications, courier services, and cycle sports.

* Presentation :

History

Several innovators contributed to the history of the bicycle by developing precursor human- powered vehicles. The $$$$$$$$ed ancestors of today’s modern bicycle were known as push bikes, Draisines or hobby horses. To use the Draisine, first introduced to the public in Paris by the German Baron Karl von Drais in 1818 , the operator sat astride a wooden frame supported by two in-line wheels and pushed the vehicle along with his/her feet while steering the front wheel.

Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refined this in 1839 by adding a mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel, thus creating the first true "bicycle" in the modern sense. In the 1850s and 1860s, Frenchmen Pierre Michaux and Pierre Lallement took bicycle design in a different direction, placing the pedals on an enlarged front wheel. Their creation, of wrought iron and wood, developed into the "penny- farthing" (more formally an ordinary bicycle), featuring a tubular steel frame on which were mounted wire spoked wheels with solid rubber tires. These bicycles were not, however, for the faint hearted, due to the very high seat and poor weight distribution.

The subsequent dwarf ordinary addressed some of these faults by reducing the front wheel diameter and setting the seat further back, necessitating the addition of gearing, effected in a variety of ways, to attain sufficient speed. However, having to $$$$ pedal and steer via the front wheel remained a problem. Starley’s nephew, J. K. Starley, J. H. Lawson, and Shergold solved this problem by introducing the chain drive connecting the pedals held with the frame to the back wheel. These models were known as dwarf safeties, or safety bicycles, for their lower seat height and better weight distribution. Starley’s 1885 Rover is usually described as the first recognizably modern bicycle. Soon, the seat tube was added, creating the double-triangle diamond frame of the modern bike.
New innovations increased comfort, and ushered in a second bicycle craze, the 1890s’ Golden Age of Bicycles. In 1888, Scotsman John Boyd Dunlop introduced the pneumatic tire, which soon became universal. Soon after, the rear freewheel was developed, enabling the rider to coast without the pedals spinning out of control. This refinement led to the 1898 invention of coaster brakes. Derailleur gears and hand-operated cable-pull brakes were also developed during these years, but were only slowly adopted by casual riders. By the turn of the century, cycling clubs flourished on $$$$ sides of the Atlantic, and touring and racing were soon extremely popular.
Bicycles and horse buggies were the two mainstays of private transportation just prior to the automobile, and the grading of smooth roads in the late 19th century was stimulated by the wide use of these devices.

Uses for bicycles

Bicycles have been and are employed for many uses.

— Utility: bicycle commuting and utility cycling
— Work: mail delivery, paramedics, police, and general delivery.
— Recreation: bicycle touring, mountain biking, BMX and physical fitness.
— Racing: track racing, criterium, roller racing and time trial to multi-stage events like the Giro d’Italia, the Tour de France, and the Vuelta a España.
— Military: scouting, troop movement, supply of provisions, and patrol. See bicycle infantry.
— Show: entertainment and performance, e.g. circus clowns

Technical aspects

Since the first bicycle, many important details have been improved, especially with the advent of modern materials and computer-aided design. These have allowed for a proliferation of specialized bicycle types.

Types of bicycle

Bicycles can be categorized in different ways: e.g. by function, by number of riders, by general construction, by gearing or by means of propulsion. The common types include utility bicycles, mountain bicycles, racing bicycles, touring bicycles, cruiser bicycles, and BMX bicycles. Less common types include tandems, recumbents, lowriders, tall bikes, fixed gear, and folding models. Unicycles, tricycles and quadracycles are not strictly bicycles, as they have respectively one, three and four wheels, but are often referred to informally as "bikes".

Legal requirements

The 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Traffic of the United Nations considers a bicycle to be a vehicle, and a person controlling a bicycle is considered a driver. The traffic codes of many countries reflect these definitions and demand that a bicycle satisfy certain legal requirements, sometimes even including licensing, before it can be used on public roads. In many jurisdictions it is an offence to use a bicycle that is not in roadworthy condition.
In most jurisdictions, bicycles must have functioning front and rear lights when ridden after dark. As some generator or dynamo-driven lamps only operate while moving, rear reflectors are frequently also mandatory. Since a moving bicycle makes little noise, some countries insist that bicycles have a warning bell for use when approaching pedestrians, equestrians and other bicyclists.

* Conclusion :

Bicycles are useful and clean means of transport . They have been and are employed for many uses . They can be categorized in different ways , so we can use them in defferent way .

* Recommendation :

1) A bicycle is a useful and clean means of transport , so we can use it instead of some transports to reduce pollution .
2) We can use bicycle to do exercise and play sport

لقراءة ردود و اجابات الأعضاء على هذا الموضوع اضغط هناسبحان الله و بحمده

الوسوم Bicycle, العاشر

الصف العاشر

طـــلـــب مـــســـآآآعـــدة }^^ للصف العاشر

كاتب المقالة بواسطة aksachli
تاريخ المقالة 4 فبراير، 2022
لا توجد تعليقات على طـــلـــب مـــســـآآآعـــدة }^^ للصف العاشر

what would yiu do if you wanted to be friends with someone who spokeno
???

الســــؤال جــوآآبـــه عـــلـى شــكــل فـــقــرة }^^

لقراءة ردود و اجابات الأعضاء على هذا الموضوع اضغط هناسبحان الله و بحمده

الوسوم العاشر

الصف العاشر

theme four work shop وحدة الرابعة المنهج الجديد للصف العاشر

كاتب المقالة بواسطة aksachli
تاريخ المقالة 4 فبراير، 2022
لا توجد تعليقات على theme four work shop وحدة الرابعة المنهج الجديد للصف العاشر

theme four work shop وحدة الرابعة المنهج الجديد امتحانات اختبار اختبارات الامارات المناهج الجديدة .
______________________________

Name…………………Work shop Wednesday 12 th March 2022 Grade ten
Do as required between brackets.
1-The boys got high marks because the exam was easy.(Use so )
………………………………………………………………………………………
2-It rained heavily therefore, they stayed at home.(Use because)Because of)
……………………………………………………………………………………
so and but as

1- We will visit Australia ……… New Zealand during our next vacation.
a- so b- and c- but d- as
My teeth were hurting ……… I made an appointment to go the dentist.
a- so b- and c- but d- or
Have you seen ……… heard the latest musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber?
a- so b- and c- but d- or
They wanted to go to the rock concert ……… all the tickets were already sold out.
a- so b- and c- but d- or
I wanted to eat sushi for dinner ……… I went to a Japanese restaurant.
a- so b- and c- but d- or
We wanted to eat fish for lunch ……… the fish and chip shop had closed for the day.
a- so b- and c- but d- or
– Correct the underlined words:
1- Where did you went yesterday?
2- After my father’s die, my mother looked after me..
3- The elephant is heavy than the camel..
4-. The children are enjoying theirselves in the park.
5- Some people hated Julius Caesar because they killed him.

Name…………………Work shop Wednesday 12 th March 2022 Grade ten
Reading comprehension

Read the following passage, then answer the questions below:
Julius Caesar is one of the most famous tragedies in the world. William Shakespeare wrote it around 1599. There have been 5 thousands of performances in the 400 years since. The story is about power. It is about people who use power well and people who use it badly. Julius Caesar was a general in the Roman army. He won a big battle and returned to Rome. Most of the people loved him but some people envied him because he was powerful. They decided to kill him.

Brutus was Caesar’s friend. A man called Cassius asked Brutus to join the plot against Caesar. ‘It is for the good of Rome,’ he said. The plotters decided not to kill Mark Antony, another important Roman. It was a very bad decision.

The plotters decided to kill Caesar on 15th.March. The night before, Caesar’s wife, Calpurnia, had a dreadful dream about her husband. In her dream, Caesar died at work in the government building. She tried to stop him going to work. But he didn’t listen to his wife, and went. The plotters killed him. Caesar’s friend hit him last of all. After Caesar s death, Mark Antony spoke at Caesar’s funeral. He told the crowd about Caesar’s good qualities and actions. The crowd got angry, and Cassius and Brutus had to leave the city.

A war started between the supporters of Brutus and Cassius and the supporters of Mark Antony. At first, Brutus and Cassius won some battles. However, Mark Antony finally won the war, and the other two men died. When Mark Antony saw the body of Brutus, he was very sad. ‘He was the noblest Roman of them all,’ he said. ‘The other plotters killed Caesar because they hated him. Brutus killed him for the good of Rome.’

Questions
1-.The main idea in Paragraph 2 is ……………
a- the king’s wife dreadful dream b- the plot against Mark Antony.
c-. the conflict between the supporters of the king and the supporters of Mark Antony
d-. the plot against the king.
2- The king’s death was on …………………..
a- 15th.March b- 15th.April
c- 5th.March. d- 25th.March
3- The main idea in this text is ……………..
a- respect among family members b- the conflict between good and bad desires
c- how to make fun of others d- the life of kings and queens
4- Brutus killed the king because ………………..
a- he loved him. b- he wanted to marry the king’s wife..
c- he loved Rome more his friend. d- he hated him
5-The underlined word “supporters "means… Paragraph 4
a- writers b- plotters
c- planners d- followers
6- The pronoun" him” refers to………. Paragraph 1
a- Mark Antony b- Cassius
c- Brutus d- Julius Caesar
7- The underlined word" dreadful “means…. Paragraph 3
a- noblest b- happy
c- famous d- terrible
8- The pronoun “them” means………. Paragraph 4
a- Shakespeare’s plays b- the crowd
c- the supporters d- the plotters
9-. The plotters decided to kill Julius Caesar because……………….
a- they envied him. b- he lost the war
c- all people loved him d- he was a bad king
– Write THREE sentences on Shakespeare
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………2………………………… ………………………………………………………………………
3..…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Write a paragraph of about 120-150 words about a famous story in your literature using the notes provided : (10 marks )

The title – the writer – main characters – other characters – the plot – your opinion of the story.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ……………………………….

مصادر :
معهد الامارات التعليمي www.uae.ii5ii.com
ا